Functions

Regular Functions

Functions in Opshin should have type annotations for the arguments and the return. There must be one return statement at the end of a function. If it is omitted, the function returns None.

Note that the return statement must be the last statement in a function, if present

def fibonacci(n: int) -> int:
    if n < 2:
        res = 1
    else:
        res = fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)
    return res

As shown, Opshin functions support recursion.

Lambda and Local Functions

Generally OpShin discourages the use of lambda functions, as they don't allow specifying types in the function signature. Instead, consider using a local function definitions or list expressions. For example instead of the following expression

ys = map(lambda x: 2*x, filter(lambda x: x > 0, xs))

You could either define local functions like this

def greater_zero(x: int) -> bool:
  return x > 0

def mul_2(x: int) -> int:
  return 2*x

ys = map(mul_2, filter(greater_zero, xs))

Or you can express this very compactly and readable directly in a list expression like this

ys = [2*x for x in xs if x > 0]

Note that you can define functions locally and within other functions, so that they do not clutter your namespace and can not be used in the wrong context. The following is legal.

def mul_twice(x: int) -> int:

   def mul_once(x: int) -> int:
        return x * x

   return mul_once(x) * mul_once(x)